With the endoscope we can use a special fiber optic microcamera to see inside the tissues and direct special tools for biopsies and to investigate anatomical abnormalities, opening new drainage channels of the cerebrospinal fluid (eg 3rd ventriculostomy), opening of brain cysts , removal of pituitary tumours, removal of cerebral hematomas, and even the surgical treatment of aneurysms. Special training of neurosurgeons is required as far as the techniques of the endoscope are concerned. The more the progress and development of the equipment, the more neurosurgical diseases are treated with endoscopic methods, in combination with other techniques, such as neuronavigation.