The great progress of all neurosciences and of course of neurosurgery, is largely due to the understanding of the function and anatomical disorders that were first understood with the use of computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. With the continuous development of these techniques, especially with the new MRI scans, which show not only the structure but also the function of the nervous system, but also with other techniques such as PET (Positron emission tomography) it is possible to better understand more and more neurological diseases, even those that were or are considered to be of unknown etiology. Understanding diseases leads to the discovery of new treatments, either invasive or medicinal. Diseases such as multiple sclerosis and other neurodegenerative or even psychiatric conditions are now under the microscope of neuroimaging and exciting results are expected soon.